Hollow-tile flemish-bond wall construction



Sept. 15, 1925. F. HEATH HOLLOW TILE FLEIMIS-H BOND WALL CONSTRUCTION- Filed Aug.'l5, 1921 I5 Sheets-Sheet 1 ZITTOF/VEKS Sept 15;]925

F.HEATH HOLLOW TILE FLEMISH BOND WALL CONSTRUCTION zsneens-sneet'a Filed Aug. 15. 1921 Sept. 15, 1925. F. HEATH HOLLOW TILE FLEMISH BOND WALL CONSTRUCTION 3 Shqets-Sheet 3 Filed Aug. 15.

a nl I tatented Sept; 15, 1925.

UNITED STATES PATENT," OFFICE. i

FREDERICK HEATH, F TACOMA, \VASHING'ION, ASSIGNOR TO THE HEATH UNIT TILE COMPANST, OF TACOMA. WASHINGTON, A CORPORATION OF WASHINGTON.

HOLLOW-TILE FLEMISI-I-BOND WALI; CONSTRUCTION.

Application filed August 15, 1921-. Serial No. 492,343.

T0 (17] 'NZIOIH it may concern:

Be it known that .l..1 nr.mn:rcn HEATH, a

I citizen of the Ilnited States, residing at 'laconia, in the county of Pierce and State ot' \Vashington. have invented a certain new and u eful Improvement in Hollow-Tile Flemish-Bond \Vall Construction, of which the following is av full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the 21000111- panying drawings.

This invention relates to the construction of hollow walls by the use of hollow tile, having certain unique characteristics and relative proportions, whereby the wall may be constructed in a simple convenient manner, and have many advantages over the or dinary wall built of the usualhollow tile.

A particular object of the invention is to produce an effect both as relates to the mechanical construction of the wall and the architectural effect of the exterior of the wall, corresponding to walls built of brick and employing the Flemish bond method of laying, i. e, where the outer courses consist of alternate stretchers and headers.

In building such walls, I use as units of construction tile known as my single and double tile, the one having a single void and the other three voids, the central void; of which corresponds to the natural longitudinal spacing between adjacent blocks in the same course, such as shown and described in my prior Patent No. 1,215,149, granted Feb. 6,1917. I

A more specific object of the present, in} vention is to. employ another standard tile unit knownas my-pllaster tile, and particularly shown, described and claimed in my co-pending-application, Serial No. 378,056, filed May 1, 1920, which has matured into Patent No. 1,453,837 granted May 1, 1923,- in .such manner that I obtain the effect of a transverse as well as a longitudinal bond, while carrying out the theme of'wall con struction disclosed in the patent above named, thatis, the even continuity of horizontal courses and mortar beds, with the vertical webs of all the blocks of the wall lying in a series of vertical planes and in direct vertical alignment and with .the spaces between adjacent blocks in one course in corresponding vertical alignment with voids of the tile above and below. i

The method of constructing a wall containing these advantages is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in'which Fig. 1 is a perspective of a wall construction, a portion of which is illustrated above its natural position to show the relative connections between the elements of the tile as laid in an. 8 inch wall; Fig; 2 is a corresponding view of my construction embodied in a 12 inch wall; Fig. 3 is afragmentary view of a corner" looking inanother direction, and showing therelation otthe single tile and bonding units; Fig. 4 is a sectional end elevation of three courses of the wall on the plane indicated by the line 4'-:L of Fig. 3; Fig. 5 is a similar section taken substantially on the plane indicated by the line 5'5 of Fig. 3.' Q

The wall constructed in accordance with the present-invention is composed of two forms of blocks and divisions thereof.

hat I choose to designate as a double block consists of an oblong hollow tile having three longitudinal voids, the intermedi-- a single width corresponding to approximately one-half of the double bloclg liaving one internal void and whose dimensions correspond with the dimensions in the double block in length and height, while in width it is such that two sin le blocks plus a mortal joint equals the width of the double block..-

In the drawings the double blocks are desig- I nated 1, the single blocks 2.

In completing a wall embodying the .Flemish bond construction, I use what I term my pila ster tile, above referred to as disclosed in my co-pending application, .previously herein designated. In the drawings these blocks are shown as 5. It will be noted that they correspond in length to the width ofthe double block, in height to they height of the double block, and they have a thickness'o'r face length such that three of these blocks plus two intervening mortar joints equals the length of the double and single units 1 and 2. Theseblocks 5 adapt themselves readily to use for corner and pilaster construction and for end closures at thetermination of a course of tile. It

two side webs 5 and two intervening webs 5 and an intermediate space 5 correspond ing to the space 1 betweenthe two intermediate webs 1 of the double block, but instead of the open voids between the side webs and the intermediate webs 5 I have two cross webs 43 leaving four comparatively small voids 5 at each side of the central void. It will be noted also that this central void is so proportioned that the wall of the block is thinned at its middle portion 5, whereby it may be readily broken by the use of the masons trowel or similar instriv ment, to make single blocks such as shown in the 12 inch wall at 6. The webs of the tile blocks 5, it will be noted, align both longitudinally and vertically with the corresponding webs of the double and single unit tile 1 and 2, wherever they occur by reason of the dimensions and arrangements shown, as clearly illustrated in Figs. 3 and 5.

Various advantages to be obtained fromcombinations and arrangements. using the forms of tile above mentioned and shown in the drawings, have formed subject matter of other patents and pending applications, but

' in this instance what the inventorconsiders unit tile 1 and the headers are the units 5,

extending transversely through the wall, while at the corner a header 5 is used to close the ends of the adjacent double unit and next to which comes a transverse tile 5", while next to this is a double unit 1, as shown at the right of the corner in Fig. 1. In the next course B a block 5 is placed on the mortar bed overlapping; the block 5 below it, so that its outside surface isflush at the corner and extending over the adjacent end ofthe block 1. Next to this is a transversely laid block 5, and next to block 1, while running the other way from the corner is a block 1 closed by a block 5 extending over the corners and adjacent block of the course below and bonding over the block The next course A appears in solid lines, as exposed before the application of the mortar and corresponds precisely to the arrangement of blocks in. the course A. Above this is a subsequent course B correseponding to the second course B and which israised in the drawing for clearness of illustration, while a relative position of the blocks of this upper course B is illustrated in broken lines.

It will be noted that in each instance the corner bloc m5 extend over approximately one-half of a similar block 5 and its webs align with the corresponding webs of that similar block in the course B below, as well as in the course B above. These corner blocks also overlap a double block 1, whereby the running bond is accomplished, and that portion of the block'5, which overlaps the block 1, has at least two of its webs (outer webs) in alignment with corresponding portions of the webs of the block 1 both above and below.

The transverse blocks 5 also have four webs (the end webs and webs 5 lying in the same vertical planes as the webs of the double blocks above and below and at the same time adjacent blocks I extend half-way to accomplish the running bond, but overlapping corresponding blocks 1 in the course above and below. It will be noted that the appearance of the wall is pleasing in that the monotony is broken and diagonal rows of headers may be followed with the eye as well as occurring alternately in the courses to make up vertical rows, while the even horizontal courses of stretchers remain uniform. v J

In the wall illustrated in Figs. 2 and 5 inclusive, I have shown a construction consisting of a width or a thickness of wall.

equivalent to a thickness of a double block and a single block plus a mortar joint. In building. this wall the first course C is started as in the case of the wall just described, and the single blocks 2 are laid inside so that theexposed course C of the upper portion of the wall in Fig. 2 corresponds to the lower course C and is referred to for convenience. Inthis course it will be noted that the clo sure block i) comes at the endof a double block 1., next to which is a transverse header 5" as from the corner is a stretcher block 1 positioned across the end of the corner block 5 and a portion of a stretcher block in the course D, while next to it'is a double block 1, a header and double block as shown.

At the inside of the corner is a single block 2 closed at its end by the double block 1 at right angles thereto and which extends across the short side of the first header 5 and along the adjacent double block 1. Next to this may be placed another single block 2 extending across the end of the next headenequally each' way therefrom, and to accomplish an even spacing or uniform bonding of these single blocks I may next use a short block or preferably a one-half part of the block 5, as shown at 6. These blocks 6 may be used wherever necessary, to accomplish the uniform bonding and to effective.

previously described, while extending llO.

wall is shown as raised above the body of the wall in Fig. 2. Here a corner block 5 has one-halt positioned over one halt of the block 5 below and extends over the adjacent-block 1 in the course 't'or approximately a third of the length of the block. To obtain the even bonding and Flemish bond appearance of the wall, a block 6 may be used and next a single block 2 fbllowed The other way by another hall blocafG. from the corner, a single block 2 is closed by one-halt of the corner block 5. while next to this comes a block (5, then another block 2, and so on. U

Inside of this outer'course of single tile width, I may place a double tile to fill the corner. It will be noted that this double tile extends across one-halfthe inner face of the corner block 5 and the entire face of the block 6, and overlaps the block 2, while below it this inside corner block 1. rests approximately upon one-half the width of the double block below it. and also bonds across the header block :5 adjacent the corner and across the end of the single block 2, and lies over the end. of the single block2 extending in the other direction. Next to this inside double block at. the corner, I new place a header block 5, the inner halt of which lies across the middle portion of the single block 2 and registers with the inner half of the header block 5 in the course below. Following this I may continueto alternate double blocks 1 and inside headers 5. In the other direction the corner is completed by a double block, whoseends standadjacent the side of the inside double corner block, while this inside course is completed by inside headers, stretchers l and 5 alternating.

It will'be noted that when these courses are superimposed, the outside headers of one course overlap and register with one-halt ot the inside headers of the adjacent courses above and below, as clearly illustrated by Fig. 3, thus effectually transversely bonding the wall at close intervals. and without disturbing the continuity of the running bond in each course. It will be further noted that ,wherever the blocks 5 or 6 occur, their two middle webs and the tour outside webs align with corresponding webs in the course "above and below by reason of the registration incident to the alignment of outer faces or inner-faces ot the respective blocks. In

a wall of the character just described, at'

least five longitudinal voids-occur broken only by theheaders, which of themselves have a corresponding number of voids.

The alternate bond of the single and. double blocks 1 and 2 each course with the" course above and below, isillustrated by the cross sectional showing in Fig. 4. In this figure, it will be noted that sections taken at a point corresponding with the ends of the double blocks l of necessity cuts through the single blocl(s,- shown as sect-ions in this view. This feature is apparent from the persj'iective shown in Fig. 3, and is emphasized by the transverse seclion of Fig. which section is taken through the headers. It will-be noted that the webs of the headers align at the mid dle portion of the wall, while each header.

has at least two webs in vertical alignmentwith corresponding webs of the single units 2. It is clearly apparent in this figure that the webs 5 of the block 5 in each case align with an end web of the header above and below, while its mate aligns with the inner webs ofthe single unit above and below. 1

This characteristic of the block lends itself to a very effective wall construction. The wall construction comprises, it will be seen. a series of uniform horizontal courses which when finished presents a uniform horizontal surface for a mortar bed. extending transversely through the wall, which facilitates the laying of the next course in true alignment. Each course is interbonded with the adjacent course in the thicker walls, where this feature is necessarv both by the overlappingof the double and single tile as well as by the headers. All these features lend themselves to an exceedingly strong wall construction, one which is very economical to build. The simplicity of the units are economical to manufacture and the special characteristics of the units are such that unusual strength is obtained. in addition to the particular advantages of the Flemish bond.

lHaving thus described my invention, I c aim:

1. A wall construction. consisting of hol- 2. A walhincluding hollow blocks hav- 111g longitudinal voids, laid horizontally in' even courses and blocks laid transversely of said.first named blocks having vertical voids and closing the ends of the longiners being formed by the vertical void.

blocks whereby the relative offset of the Flemish bond" relationship is established.

3. A building wall composed of horizontal courses,;;each course including blocks having three voids arranged parallel and extending longitudinally of the wall, and

other blocks having vertically extending voids, theiblocks being laid alternately with .each other, the central void of the three void blocks beingin direct vertical alignment with the corresponding voids of the blocks in the upper and lower courses, the

blocks with the vertical voids being laid.

transversely of the wall and having an intermediate or median void thereof aligned with-the central voids of the blocks in the courses above and below and having a width equal to the width of thethree'void blocks and a height equal to the height of the three void blocks, and being adapted to he divided at said median void into equal sized units. I

4. In a building wall of the character described, the combination of two forms of blocks, one form consisting of longitudinal blocks having three voids, the central void being narrow and the block being divisible into two equal parts making single longi tudinal blocks, and closure blocks of a height and width equal to the three void block having webs and shells adapted to align with the webs and shells of the three void block in longitudinal and vertical directions and laid in even courses whereby each course is horizontal and continuous, the corners and intermediate bonds being formed by vertical void blocks while main-- taining the continuous vertical alignment of the webs in both forms of blocks. In testimony whereof, I hereunto affix my signature.

FREDERICK HEATH. 

